| Abdomen |
The main body cavity between the chest and the groins.(19thc) |
| Abrasion |
Scraping of the skin (Modern) |
| Abscess |
Collection of pus in cavity (19thC) |
| Acetonemia |
A disorder of metabolism which results in high levels of acetone in blood. Also known as ketosis Modern) |
| Acetonuria |
A disorder of metabolism which results in high levels of acetone in the urine. Also known as ketonuria (Modern) |
| Acholia |
Absence of bile, associated with jaundice (19thC) |
| Achondroplasia |
Dwarfism (Modern) |
| Acid urine |
Increased acidity of urine |
| Acidosis |
Increased acidity of blood |
| Acnathosis |
Thickened skin (Modern) |
| Acne |
Inflammation of the glands of the skin, causing formation of pustules, usually on the face (19thC) |
| Addisons Disease |
Severe disease of kidney causing incurable anaemia and bronzed colouration of the skin (19thC) |
| Adenitis |
Inflammation of lymph glands (lymph nodes) (19thC) |
| Adenoids |
Inflammation of the small gland-like appendages at the back of the nose |
| Adenoma |
Benign tumour of a gland (Modern) |
| Adherent |
Often post-operative condition whereby scar tissue becomes stuck to the bone in the joint. |
| Ague & sequela |
Intermittent fever, in which there are alternating periods of chills and fever (19thC) |
| Albuminuria |
A disease of the kidneys marked by appearance of albumin in the urine. (19thC) |
| Alkaptonuria |
A rare genetic metabolic disorder (Modern) |
| Alopecia |
Absence of hair, baldness (19thC) |
| Amaurosis |
Blindness caused by loss of nerve power (19thC) |
| Amblyopia |
Indistinct vision (19thC) Lazy eye (Modern) |
| Amentia |
Absence of intellect (19thC) |
| Amyloid |
Degeneration of tissues, often of the liver (19thc) |
| Amyloid liver |
Degeneration of the liver (19thC) |
| Amyotonia |
Lack of muscle tone (Modern) |
| Anaemia |
Deficiency of red blood cells (19thC) |
| Anasarca |
Accumulation of watery fluid in the tissues, leading to swelling (19thC) |
| Anencephaly |
Congenital deformity of the brain (Modern) |
| Aneurism |
A tumour of an artery due to location dilatation usually with rupture of lining. (19thC) A localized, blood-filled dilation (balloon-like bulge) of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall (Modern) |
| Angina |
Pain in the heart region (19thC) |
| Angioma |
Tumour composed of blood vessels (19thC) |
| Ankylosis |
Bony union of joint after injury or disease (19thC) |
| Anorexia |
Lack of appetite or abhorrence of food (19thC) |
| Anuria |
Suppression of urine (19thC) |
| Aphasia |
Loss of ability to use or recognise the correct words, although words are known (19thC) |
| Aphemia |
Inability to use the muscles of speech (Modern) |
| Aphonia |
Loss of voice (19thC) |
| Appendectomy |
Operation to remove appendix (Modern) |
| Appendicitis |
Inflammation of the appendix, a small rudimentary attachment to the large intestine. |
| Appendix |
Appendage of intestines (19thc) |
| Arch foot |
Abnormally high instep |
| Artery |
Blood vessel which carries blood away from the heart |
| Arthrectomy |
Scraping of a joint (19thC) (usually when infected eg by tubercular infection) |
| Arthritis |
Inflammation of joints (19thC) |
| Arthritis gonorrhoeal |
Arthritis (inflammation of joints) associated with gonorrhoea, a venereal disease |
| Arthritis rheumatoid |
Inflammation of joints (19thC) |
| Arthrodesis |
Surgical fusion of a joint to relieve pain (Modern) |
| Ascaris lumbracoides |
Worm infestation (19thC) |
| Ascites |
Swelling of abdomen caused by accumulation of fluid (19thC) |
| Asphyxia |
Unconsciousness or suffocation (19thC) |
| Asthenia |
Loss of strength, debility (19thC) |
| Asthma |
Difficulty in breathing with a sense of suffocation. Thought to be nervous in origin. (19thC) |
| Astigmatism |
Unequal refractive power of the eye (19thC) |
| Ataxy |
Impaired gait in walking (19thC) |
| Ataxy cerebellar |
Impaired gait in walking (19thC) associated with disorder of the lower brain. |
| Atelectasis |
Failure of lungs at birth (19thC) |
| Atheroma |
A soft pap-like tumour; also fatty degeneration of blood vessels (19thC) |
| Athetosis |
A continuous stream of slow, sinuous, writhing movements, typically of the hands and feet (Modern). |
| Athrodesis |
Surgical fusion of a joint to relieve pain (Modern) |
| Atony |
Lack of muscle tone (Modern) |
| Atresia |
Constriction of tube or canal |
| Atrophy |
Wasting (19thC) |
| Aural |
Of the ear |
| Axilla |
The arm-pit (19thc) |
| Bacillaemia |
Bacteria in the blood (Modern) |
| Bacilluria |
Bacteria in the urine (Modern) |
| Balanitis |
Inflammation of the glans penis (19thC) |
| Bantis disease |
Enlarged spleen (Modern) |
| Bayles Disease |
Severe form of neurosyphilis (Modern) |
| Bells Palsy |
Paralysis of facial muscles resulting in distorted facial expression (Modern) |
| Bile ducts |
Carry bile from liver to intestine |
| Bilious attack |
Digestive disturbance (19thC) |
| Birthmark |
Discolouration of the skin present at birth (19thC) |
| Blepharitis |
Inflammation of the eyelids (19thC) |
| Brights Disease |
Disease of the kidney, associated with dropsy and albuminuria (19thC) |
| Brittle bone disease |
Condition where bones are very fragile and break easily (also known as Osteogenesis imperfecta) (Modern) |
| Bronchial |
Relating to the tubes in the lungs |
| Bronchiectasis |
Characterised by localised irreversible dilation of part of the lung, often referred to as obstructive lung disease (Modern) |
| Bronchiolitis |
Inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages in the lungs (Modern) |
| Bronchitis |
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes. (19thC) |
| Bronchopneumonia |
Inflammation of the bronchi (the small tubes in the lungs) and the lungs (19thC) |
| Bulimia |
Excessive appetite (19thC) |
| Bursa |
A bursa is a sac containing fluid (19thC) located within joints to facilitate movement. |
| Bursitis |
A bursa is a sac containing fluid (19thC) located within joints to facilitate movement. They can become inflamed (bursitis) rendering movement of the joint painful.(Modern) |
| Calculus |
Commonly referred to as 'the stone', most often found in the bladder (Calculus vesica) (19thC) |
| Calculus vesicae/vesical |
Commonly referred to as 'the stone', most often found in the bladder (Calculus vesica) (19thc) |
| Cancer |
A malignant growth (19thC) |
| Cancrum oris |
Ulceration of the mouth, associated with ill-fed children. (19thC) |
| Carcinoma |
Malignant tumour (19thC) |
| Carditis |
Inflammation of the heart (19thC) |
| Carditis rheumatic |
Inflammation of the heart associated with rheumatic fever. (19thC) |
| Caries |
Decay of bone (19thC) |
| Catalepsy |
A trance-like state, where limbs will remain in any position they are placed (19thC) |
| Cataract |
Opaqueness of the lens of the eye (19thC) |
| Cataract lamellar |
Opaqueness of the lens of the eye (19thC) |
| Catarrh |
Inflammation of mucous membranes accompanied by increased secretions - usually in the nose (as in the common cold) but can be applied to internal organs as well.(19thC) |
| Cellulitis |
Inflammation of the cellular tissue (the tissue located immediately beneath the skin) (19thC) |
| Cephalalgia |
Headache (19thC) |
| Cephalhaematoma |
Bloody tumour on the head of an infant (19thC) Now known to be caused by haemorrhage (Modern) |
| Cerebellar/Cerebellum |
The lower part of the brain (19thc) |
| Cerebral/Cerebrum |
The largest part of brain (19thc) |
| Cerebrospinal |
Condition affecting brain and spinal cord |
| Cervical |
Refers to the neck region (19thc) |
| Cervical adenitis |
Inflammation of lymph gland (node) in neck (19thC) |
| Cheiropomphylax |
Skin disease of hands and feet characterised by appearance of itchy blisters (Modern) |
| Chicken Pox & sequela |
Also known as Varicella. Infectious fever characterised by a rash on the chest which develops into very itchy pimples. (19thC) |
| Chilblains |
Small itchy red swollen areas of the skins, which arise after exposure to cold. |
| Chloasma |
Discolouration of the skin (19thC) |
| Chlorosis |
Also known as green sickness, a 'peculiar form of anaemia' associated with females around puberty. Causes weakness, faintness, and rapid pulse on exertion (19thC). |
| Cholaemia |
Presence of bile in the blood, often a sign of liver disease. (Modern) |
| Chondroma |
Benign tumour involving cartilage (Modern) |
| Chorea |
Also known as St Vitus Dance. Involuntary twitchings of the muscles, most common in children, who generally grow out of it. (19thC) |
| Choroiditis |
Inflammation of the choroid, one of the membranes which line the eyeball. (Modern) |
| Cicatrix |
Scar of a healed wound (19thc) |
| Circumcision |
Removal of part of the prepuce, the loose skin which covers the penis (the foreskin) (19thC) |
| Cirrhosis |
A granular state of an organ, most often the liver, when it is generally produced by consumption of alcohol (19thC) |
| Clavicle |
Collar bone (19thc) |
| Cleft jaw |
Extreme form of hare lip where the split in the lip extends through into the bone of the jaw. (19thC) |
| Cleft palate |
A congenital split in the roof of the mouth so that the nose and mouth form one cavity. An operation can be carried out to close the split. Often but not always accompanied by hare lip. (19thC) |
| Cleft palate hare lip |
A combination of congenital deformities of the mouth where the roof of the mouth does not close and there is a slit or cleft in the upper lip which can extend through the jaw bone. An operation or combination of operations can be performed to rectify the deformity, but it usually left a very visible scar. (19thC) |
| Clitoritis |
Small organ of erectile tissue found in females in the pubic region. (19thc) |
| Club foot |
Also known Talipes. A turning of the foot in the wrong direction. There are several different forms: the main ones being Talipes valgus: the foot turns outwards; varus, the foot turns inwards; equinus, the heel is lifted from the ground. (19thC) The condition can exist at birth or be acquired during life. |
| Coccyx |
Last bone in the spine |
| Coeliac |
Relates to the cavity in which the intestines sit (19thc) In modern times this term refers to a specific autoimmune disease of the small intestines. (Modern) |
| Colic |
Pain in the abdomen (19thC) |
| Colic renal |
Pain in the kidneys (19thC) |
| Colitis |
Inflammation of the colon (19thC) |
| Coliuria |
Presence of E. coli bacteria in the urine (Modern) |
| Collapse pulmonary |
Deflation of a lung |
| Colon |
Part of the large intestine (19thc) |
| Colotomy |
An incision made in the colon (the large intestine) in cases of obstruction, fistula, cancer or ulceration of the rectum. (19thC) |
| Congenital |
Disease or deformity present at birth (19thc) |
| Congested brain |
Used in connection with brain fever or any form of delirium |
| Congested liver |
A torpid stagnation of the blood in the liver (19thC) |
| Congested lung |
A torpid stagnation of the blood in the lungs, can be used to refer to bronchopneumonia (19thC) |
| Conjuctiva |
Membrane which covers the eye lid and cornea (19thc) |
| Conjunctivitis |
Inflammation and irritation of the eye (19thC) |
| Conjunctivitis phlyctenular |
Inflammation and irritation of the eye accompanied by phlyctaena, small fluid filled blisters (19thC) |
| Consolidated lung |
Condition in which the tissue of the lungs becomes solid and firm rather than elastic and air-filled (Modern) |
| Constipation |
Indolent state of the bowels (19thC), or infrequent bowel movements (Modern) |
| Contraction of pylorus congenital |
Born with the exit of the stomach into the intestines constricted |
| Convulsion intestine |
Violent spasm of the intestines (19thC) |
| Convulsions |
Violent spasm of alternate muscular contraction and relaxation (19thC) |
| Cornea |
The transparent covering of the front of the eye (19thc) |
| Corneal opacity |
Cloudiness of the cornea: the usually transparent covering of the front of the eye (19thC) |
| Corneitis |
Inflammation of the cornea: the transparent covering of the front of the eye (19thC) |
| Coryza |
Cold in the head (19thC) |
| Cranial |
Relating to the skull (19thc) |
| Craniectomy |
Removal of part of skull to create room for a swelling brain (modern) |
| Cretinism/Cretin |
Imperfect mental faculties and small stature often accompanied by swelling in the throat region (goitre) (19thc) |
| Croaking |
Problems speaking |
| Croup & sequela |
Acute inflammation of the larynx (or voice box) (19thC) |
| Cryptorchidism |
Absence of one or both testes from the scrotal sac, usually the result of undescended testes (Modern) |
| Cyanosis |
Blue colour to the skin, resulting from congestion in the venous circulation of the blood |
| Cynanche |
Sore throat or inflammation of the tonsils (19thC) |
| Cyst |
A membranous sac-like structure containing fluid (19thC) |
| Cyst dermoid |
An encapsulated tumour which has developed structures such has hair and teeth within it. (Modern) |
| Cystitis |
Inflammation of the bladder (19thC) |
| Dacrocystitis |
Inflammation of the duct which drains tears out of the eye (Modern) |
| Dactylitis |
A syphilitic swelling of the fingers and toes, syphilitic - a symptom of syphilis. (19thC) Modern definitions associate dactylitis with several different conditions including tuberculosis. (Modern) |
| Debility |
Weakness or loss of muscular power. (19thC) |
| Debility nervous |
Weakness or loss of muscular power, related to a nervous disorder (19thC) |
| Defective development |
Slow physical development |
| Deficiency cerebral |
Mental impairment |
| Delirium |
Extravagant talking, raving generally due to high fever. (19thC) |
| Dementia |
Feebleness of mental faculties, the last stage of insanity. (19thC) |
| Dermatitis |
Inflammation of the skin (19thC) |
| Dermatomyositis |
Inflammation of the skin and muscles (Modern) |
| Dermoid |
An encapsulated tumour which has developed structures such has hair and teeth within it. (Modern) |
| Desquamation |
Peeling off of the skin. Desquamation occurs after scarlet fever and is when the patient is most infectious (19thC) |
| Diabetes |
A disease marked by an excessive flow of saccharine urine. (19thC) |
| Diaphragm |
The muscle which separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity (19thc) |
| Diaphysitis |
Inflammation of the shaft of a long bone (19thC) |
| Dilated Ureter |
Ureter: the canal which carried urine from the kidney to the bladder. (19thC) |
| Dilated ureter |
Ureter: the canal which carried urine from the kidney to the bladder. (19thC) |
| Diphtheria & Sequela |
Infectious inflammation of the throat, with the formation of a false membrane which tends to close the throat and cause suffocation (19thC). A common disease of childhood in 19th century but rarely seen in modern times in Western medicine (Modern). |
| Diphtheria & sequela |
Infectious inflammation of the throat, with the formation of a false membrane which tends to close the throat and cause suffocation (19thC). A common disease of childhood in 19th century but rarely seen in modern times in Western medicine (Modern). |
| Diphtheritic Paralysis |
Paralysis of various types occurring after diphtheria infection. |
| Diphtheritic paralysis |
Paralysis of various types occurring after diphtheria infection. |
| Diplegia |
A form of paralysis which primarily affects the legs (Modern) |
| Disseminated sclerosis |
Now better known as multiple sclerosis, a condition affecting nerves in the spinal cord and brain (Modern) |
| Diuresis |
Increased flow of urine (19thC) |
| Diverticulitis |
A disease of the large intestine (Modern) |
| Dorsal |
Relates to the back |
| Dropsy |
Accumulation of fluid in the cavities of the body, often seen towards the end of cases of cancer, heart disease etc.(19thC) Now more commonly referred to as oedema |
| Duchennes Paralysis |
Progressive locomotor ataxy, or impaired gait in walking (19thC) |
| Dysentery |
Inflammation of the large intestine accompanied by bloody evacuations. (19thC) |
| Dyspepsia |
Indigestion (19thC) |
| Dysphagia |
Difficulty in swallowing (19thC) |
| Dyspnoea |
Difficult breathing (19thC) |
| Dystrophy muscular |
Now known to be a hereditary condition in which the muscles of the body grow progressively weaker (modern) |
| Dysuria |
Difficulty in discharging urine (19thC) |
| Ecchymosis |
Bruising (19thC) caused by leakage of blood from blood vessels into surrounding tissues (Modern) |
| Eclampsia |
Convulsions in infants often ending in epilepsy (19thC) also known as Salaam convulsions (19thC) Probably refers to condition now referred to as West Syndrome (Modern) |
| Ecthyma |
A pustular disease of the skin, not contagious(19thC) |
| Ectopia cordis |
Condition in which the heart is displaced, usually through the wall of chest cavity, resent at birth. (Modern) |
| Ectopia vesicae |
Condition in which development of the bladder is incomplete at birth (Modern) |
| Ectropion |
Turning out of the eyelid (19thC) |
| Eczema |
Non-contagious, but often unpleasant, eruption on the skin which causes great irritation. |
| Eczema capitis |
Skin eruption of the scalp (19thc) |
| Effusion |
Accumulation of fluid in body cavities, often relates to fluid in the spaces between the membranes lining the lungs (pleura) (Modern) |
| Elephantiasis |
A skin disease causing terrible enlargement of affected limbs. The skin resembles an elephant's hide. Caused by a parasite. (19thC) |
| Embolism |
Coagulation of the blood into a clot. (19thC) |
| Emesis |
Vomiting (19thC) |
| Emphysema |
Swelling produced by air, a dropsy is caused by fluid. (19thC) A long term progressive disease of the lungs caused by collapse of lung structures which make exhaling difficult. |
| Empyema |
A collection of pus in one or both cavities of the pleura (membranes lining the lungs).(19thC) - Not to be confused with emphysema. |
| Encephalitis |
Inflammation of the brain (19thC) |
| Encephalocele |
Protrusion of the brain through the skull (19thC) |
| Endocarditis |
Inflammation of the membrane lining the inside of the heart (Modern) |
| Endopericarditis |
Inflammation of both the interior lining of the heart and the membranous sac in which the heart is enclosed. (Modern) |
| Enteric |
Relating to the intestines |
| Enterica |
Typhoid Fever (possibly?) |
| Enteritis |
Inflammation of the small intestines, usually accompanied by diarrhoea (19thC) |
| Enterocolitis |
Inflammation of the small intestines and the colon, the main part of the large intestines |
| Entropion |
Condition in which the eyelid turns inwards (19thC) |
| Enuresis |
Involuntary discharge of urine (19thC) |
| Epididymitis |
Inflammation of the small oblong body above the testes (male sex organs) (19thC) The tube which conveys sperm from the testes to the vas deferens and penis. (Modern) |
| Epilepsy |
A disease of the brain marked by convulsive fits. (19thC) |
| Epiphysitis |
Inflammation of the end of a bone (epiphysis, its growth point) (19thC) |
| Epispadias |
Malformation of the penis (Modern) |
| Epistaxis |
Nose bleed |
| Erbs myopathy |
A juvenile form of muscular dystrophy, now known to be an hereditary condition in which the muscles of the body grow progressively weaker (modern) |
| Erbs palsy |
Paralysis of the arms and shoulders caused by damage to nerves during birth (Modern) |
| Erysipelas & sequela |
Contagious inflammation of the skin (19thC), often associated with surgery. |
| Erythema nodosum |
Non-contagious, inflammation of the skin (19thC) |
| Exophthalmus |
Protruding eyeball (19thC) |
| Exostosis |
Bony tumour growing from the bone (19thC) |
| Extroversion viscera |
A deformity of the intestines |
| Gall bladder |
Membraneous sac which contains the bile (19thc) |
| Ganglion |
An enlargement of a nerve, or a swelling in the sheath of a tendon (19thC) |
| Gangrene |
Death of a part of the body, begins with discolouration, usually of the toes. (19thC) |
| Gastric |
Relating to the stomach |
| Gastritis |
Inflammation of the stomach (19thC) |
| Gastroenteritis |
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines (19thC) |
| Gastrointestinal |
Realting to the stomach and intestines |
| Genitourinary organs |
The combined organs of the urinary system and the sex organs |
| Genu valgum |
Another term for knock-knee (19thC) |
| Genu varum |
Another term for bow legs (19thC) |
| Gigantism |
Condition characterised by excessive growth and height significantly above average. Now known to be caused by excess production of growth hormone (Modern) |
| Gingivitis |
Inflammation of the gums (19thC) |
| Gland |
Small bodies found in different parts of the body (19thc) often used to refer to lymph nodes, which are part of the body's immune system. (Modern) |
| Glands axilla |
Lymph gland (nodes) found in arm-pit (19thc) |
| Glands cervical |
Lymph gland (nodes) found in neck region (19thc) |
| Glands groin |
Lymph glands (nodes) found in the junction of the thighs and the trunk (19thc) |
| Glands perineum |
Lymph glands (nodes) located in the space between the anus and the genital organs (19thc). |
| Glaucoma |
Inflammation of the eye, with hardening of the globe (19thC) Disease of the eye characterised by increased pressure within the eyeball which can lead to deterioration in sight. (Modern) |
| Glioma |
A tumour arising from nerve cells (Modern) |
| Glioma psoas |
A tumour arising from nerve cells in the lower back (Modern) |
| Glossitis |
Inflammation of the tongue (19thC) |
| Gluteal |
Refers to the buttocks (19thc) |
| Glycosuria |
Glucose in the urine (Modern) |
| Goitre |
Enlargement of the thyroid gland of the throat (19thC) |
| Gonorrhoea |
Inflammation of the genitals, accompanies by flow of pus. Very contagious (19thC) |
| Granuloma |
A mass of granular tissue usually associated with infection (Modern) |
| Graves disease |
Enlargement of the thyroid gland of the throat with protrusion of the eyeballs (19thC) |
| Groin |
The junction of the thighs and the trunk (19thc) |
| Haemarthrosis |
Bleeding into a joint (Modern) |
| Haematemesis |
Vomiting blood (19thC) |
| Haematocele |
A tumour containing blood (19thC) |
| Haematoma |
Blood clot outside the blood vessel, usually the result of haemorrhage (Modern) |
| Haematuria |
Blood in the urine (19thC) |
| Haemoglobinuria |
Haemoglobin in the urine |
| Haemophilia |
A congenital tendency to haemorrrhage (19thC) |
| Haemoptysis |
Coughing up blood from the lungs (19thC) |
| Haemorrhage |
Bleeding |
| Haemorrhoids |
Piles (19thC) |
| Hallucination |
Imaginary appearances, symptomatic of disease of the brain (19thC) |
| Hammer toe |
Deformity of the toe, causing it t be permanently bent (Modern) |
| Hare lip |
A congenital deformity of the mouth where there is a slit or cleft in the upper lip which can extend through the jaw bone. An operation can be performed to rectify the deformity, but it usually left a very visible scar. (19thC) |
| Hemikinesis |
Spasms or twitching on one side of the body (BMJ 10 July 1875 p43) |
| Hemiparesis |
weakness on one side of the body (Modern) |
| Hemiplegia |
Paralysis of one side of the body (19thC) |
| Henochs purpura |
A serious skin disease marked by purple patches, caused by escape of blood into the skin. (19thC) |
| Hepatitis |
Inflammation of the liver |
| Hermaphrodite |
A condition in which the genital organs are neither wholly male or female (19thC) |
| Hermaphroditism |
A condition in which the genital organs are neither wholly male or female (19thC) |
| Hernia |
Commonly called a rupture. The protrusion of any internal organ through the surrounding tissues, most commonly the bowels protruding through the abdominal wall. (19thC) |
| Herpes zoster |
Acute inflammation of the skin usually called shingles (19thC) Now known to be caused by the virus Varicella zoster(Modern) |
| High arch |
Abnormally high instep |
| Hip Disease |
Inflammation of the hip joint, most common in children and extremely painful, often accompanied by abscesses. (19thc) Although not specifically mentioned at time of recording, it is thought that many cases of hip disease were tubercular in origin. |
| Hirschsprungs disease |
Congenital malformation of the bowel (Modern) |
| Hirsutism |
Condition in which body is abnormally hairy (19thC) |
| Hodgkins disease |
General enlargement of the glands of the lymphatic system (19thC) |
| Hospitalism |
Condition associated with prolonged stay and exposure to unwholesome state of the atmosphere in an ill-ventilated ort ill-kept institution'. (19thC) |
| Humerus |
Bone of the upper arm (19thc) |
| Huntingdons chorea |
A progressive neurodegenerative genetic disorder, which affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and dementia (Modern) |
| Hydatid |
Watery tumour developed in any cavity of the body by the presence of a species of parasite. Most common in liver or lung. (19thc) |
| Hydrocele |
Watery tumour usually found in the scrotum (19thC) |
| Hydromyelia |
An accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid which can put abnormal pressure on the spinal cord causing pain and damage to nerves (Modern) |
| Hydronephrosis |
Accumulation of fluid in the kidney (19thC) |
| Hygroma |
Watery tumour (19thC) |
| Hyperaesthesia |
Excess of feeling (sensation) (19thC) |
| Hypermetropia |
Long sightedness (19thC) |
| Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
Excessive growth of the lower part of the stomach where it opens into the intestine, causing a narrowing of the outlet (19thC) |
| Hypertrophy |
Excessive growth of a body part (19thC) |
| Hypertrophy pylorus |
Excessive growth of the lower part of the stomach where it opens into the intestine (19thC) |
| Hypochondria |
Slight melancholia, mental distress about health (19thC) |
| Hypopituitarism |
Inability of the pituitary gland (situated at the base of the brain) to secrete sufficient levels of hormones. (Modern) |
| Hypopyon |
Pus in the eye (Modern) |
| Hypospadias |
Malformation of the lower wall of the urethra (the tube through urine is excreted from the body) in male children, present at birth (Modern) |
| Hypothyroidism |
Insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland (located in the neck and produces hormones which influence metabolism among other activities) Can result in cretinism - a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth (Modern) |
| Hysteria |
A nervous disease sometimes marked by convulsive seizures and very often by dislike to food, painful impressions and untruthfulness (19thC) |
| Ichthyma |
A skin disease (Modern) |
| Ichthyosis |
Fish skin disease, so called because it resembles the hard scaliness of a fish (19thC) |
| Idiocy |
Mental weakness which dates from birth, feeble-mindedness (19thC) |
| Ileum |
Part of the large intestine (19thc) |
| Ilium |
Hip bone (19thc) |
| Imbecility |
Refers to a degree of mental retardation, worse than moron but above idiot. Lacking in the capacity to develop beyond the mental age of a normal five to seven-year-old child (Modern for Obsolete term) |
| Imperforate anus |
Absence of anal opening (19thC) |
| Imperforate hymen |
Condition in which hymen completely closes the entrance to the vagina (19thC) |
| Imperforate oesophagus |
Condition in which the oesophagus (the food tube) ends in closed pouch and is not connected to the stomach (Modern) |
| Imperforate rectum |
Absence of anal opening (19thC) |
| Imperforate urethra |
Absence of urethral opening (tube which normally carries urine outside the body) (Modern) |
| Imperforate vagina |
Absence of vaginal opening (Modern) |
| Impetigo |
A skin rash of an acute kind normally seen in weakly women and children (19thC) Now known to be caused by highly contagious staphylococcal bacteria (modern) |
| Incontinence |
Inability to control evacuation of the bladder (19thC) |
| Indigestion |
Failure of the digestive powers (19thC) Also known as dyspepsia (Modern) |
| Induration femur |
Hardening of the upper leg bone (19thC) |
| Infantile scurvy |
Disease marked by dejection, anemia and haemorrhage, caused by want of fresh meat and vegetables (19thC) |
| Infantilism |
An obsolete term for various, often unrelated, disorders which consist of retention of the physical and/or psychological characteristics of infancy or childhood (Modern) |
| Infarct cerebral |
Tissue death due to lack of oxygen in the front brain (Modern) |
| Inguinal |
Refers to lowest part of abdomen on either side of the pubic bone (19thc) |
| Insanity |
Madness, disease of the brain causing loss of reason (19thC) |
| Intertrigo |
Inflammation of the skin around the anus, axilla (arm pits) or groin (19thC) |
| Intussusception |
A condition of the intestines in which one part slips inside another and causes obstruction of the bowel. (19thC) |
| Inverted bladder |
A condition in which the bladder is turned inside out |
| Iridemia |
Haemorrhage in the iris (Modern) |
| Iris |
The coloured circle surrounding the dark pupil of the eye (19thc) |
| Iritis |
Inflammation of the iris (19thC) |
| Ischiorectal |
Refers to region in lower rear abdominal cavity (Modern) |
| Labioglossal pouch |
Condition involving the lips and tongue (Modern) |
| Labium/labia |
Female genital organs |
| Lachrymal |
Referring to the tear ducts and the glands which secrete them (19thc) |
| Laminectomy |
Operation involving the removal of part of a vertebral bone (Modern) |
| Languor |
Lack of vigour or vitality (Modern) |
| Laparotomy |
Operation to open the abdominal cavity, a serious operation (19thC) |
| Lardaceous disease |
Degeneration of tissues until they resemble wax (usually the liver or kidneys) (19thC) |
| Laryngismus |
Spasmodic or false croup (inflammation of the larynx and trachea) accompanied by a crowing noise. (19thC) |
| Leontiasis |
Leprosy of the face (19thC) |
| Leprosy |
A constitutional malignant disease, cutaneous in initial phase but later involving both tissue and bone. (19thC) Now known to be caused by a bacterium (Modern) |
| Leucocythaemia |
Morbid increase in white blood cells, sometimes accompanied by haemorrhage, enlarged spleen and vomiting. (19thC) |
| Leucoderma |
Skin condition in which white spots or patches appears (also known as vitiligo) (Modern) |
| Leucoma |
A milky opacity of the cornea of the eye (19thC) |
| Leucorrhoea |
A whitish discharge from the vagina, a sign of weakness. (19thC) Now known to have many causes, including oestrogen imbalance and infections. (Modern), |
| Leukaemia |
Increase in white blood cells (19thC) A cancer of the blood of blood marrow in which white blood cell counts are abnormally high. (Modern) |
| Lice |
Infestation by biting insects (Modern) |
| Lichen |
A skin disease in which striking feature is inflamed pimples (19thC) |
| Lipoma |
A fatty tumour (19thC) |
| Lithaemia |
Excess lithic (uric) acid in the blood producing gouty dyspepsia. (19thC) |
| Lithotomy |
Operation for cutting into bladder to remove stone (19thC) |
| Lithuria |
Passing gravel (small stones) in the urine (19thC) |
| Llarynx |
Voice organ (19thc) voice box (Modern) |
| Lumbago |
A rheumatic condition of the loins (the sides of the body and back below the ribs and above the pelvis) (19thC) |
| Lumbar |
Lower back |
| Lupus |
A tuberculous disease of the skin, most common in children of consumptive or scrofulous tendency (19thC). Now known not to be a tubercular condition, but to be a form of auto-immune disease. |
| Lymph |
A colourless alkaline fluid found in the lymphatic vessels - the small vessels which pervade the body (19thc). |
| Lymphadenitis |
Inflammation of the lymphatic glands. (19thC) |
| Lymphadenoma |
Enlarged lymph glands (Modern) |
| Lymphadentitis |
Inflammation of the lymphatic glands. (19thC) |
| Lymphangiectasis |
Dilation of the lymph vessels (Modern) often accompanied by diarrhoea, ascites and oedema (Modern) |
| Lymphangioma |
Malformation of the lymphatic system |
| Lymphangitis |
Inflammation of the lymphatic channels abused by infection and sometimes called blood poisoning' (Modern) |
| Lymphasarcoma |
A malignant cancer involving the lymph system (Modern) |
| Lymphatic |
Referring to the system of small vessels pervading the body and carrying lymph. (19thc) |
| Lymphocythaemia |
An excess of normal lymphocytes (white blood cells) (Modern) |
| Lymphoedema |
Localised fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by dysfunctional lymphatic system (Modern) |
| Lymphoma |
A solid tumor of lymphoid cells arising from the lymph system (Modern). |
| Lymphosarcoma |
A malignant tumour of lymphoid cells (Modern) |
| Macrocephaly |
Very large headed (19thC) |
| Malaise |
General feeling of discomfort (Modern) |
| Mania |
Insanity, madness (19thC) |
| Marasmus |
A wasting of the flesh, accompanied by loss of power, generally due to tubercular disease of the mesenteric gland (glands associated with membranes in the abdomen) (19thC). Associated most often these days with severe protein malnutrition. (Modern) |
| Mastitis |
Inflammation of the breast (19thC) |
| Mastodynia |
Pain in the breasts (19thC) |
| Mastoid |
Mastoid (process): Bone at base of skull very closely connected to the ear (Modern) |
| Mastoid (process) |
Bone at base of skull very closely connected to the ear (Modern) |
| Mastoiditis |
Inflammation of the mastoid (process): Bone at base of skull very closely connected to the ear (Modern) |
| Masturbation |
Manual production of vicious excitement (19thC) |
| Measles & sequela |
A common infectious disease of childhood still encountered today. |
| Mediastinal/mediastinum |
The space in the chest between the sacs which surround each lung (19thc). |
| Mediastinitis |
Inflammation of the tissues in the chest cavity known as the mediastinum (Modern) |
| Mediastinum |
The space in the chest between the sacs which surround each lung (19thc). |
| Melaena |
Discharge of black blood from bowels (19thC) |
| Melancholia |
Morbid depression, a form of insanity (19thC) |
| Meningismus |
A group of symptoms similar to meningitis (stiff neck, reaction to light and headache) without inflammation of the membranes lining the brain (Modern) |
| Meningitis |
Inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord, a serious disease which is often fatal. |
| Meningocele |
Protrusion of brain matter through the skull (19thC) |
| Mesenteric/mesentery |
Membranes in the abdominal cavity (19thc) |
| Microcephalus |
Abnormally small head (Modern) |
| Microphthalmus |
Abnormally small eyes (Modern) |
| Micturition |
Act of passing urine (19thc) |
| Migraine |
Headache, usually known as sick headache, coming on periodically (19thC) |
| Mitral |
Refers to one of the valves in the heart which separates the upper and lower left chambers (19thc) |
| Molluscum |
Disease of the skin (19thC) |
| Mongolism |
Congenital disorder, know known as Down's Syndrome, named after John Langdon Down who first described its symptoms in 1866 (Modern) |
| Monoplegia |
Paralysis of one limb (19thC) |
| Morbus cordis |
Unspecified heart disease |
| Morbus coxae |
Unspecified disease of the hip. |
| Mucocele |
Sac like swelling filled with mucus (modern) |
| Mucous membranes |
Membranes which line body passages and cavities which are exposed to external environment, such as the mouth, eyes, nose. Some, like the nose, secrete mucus, a thick sticky fluid. |
| Multiple sclerosis |
A degenerative disease in which the linings of nerves in the brain and spinal cord deteriorate resulting a wide spectrum of symptoms (Modern) |
| Muscular atrophy |
Wasting of muscles |
| Muscular dystrophy |
Inherited progressive weakness of muscles (Modern) |
| Myelitis |
Inflammation of the spinal cord (19thC) |
| Myocarditis |
Inflammation of the heart muscle, often following acute rheumatism (19thC) |
| Myoclonus |
Brief involuntary twitching of muscles (Modern) |
| Myopathy |
Muscular condition resulting in weakness (Modern) |
| Myopia |
Short sightedness (19thC) |
| Myositis |
Inflammation of skeletal muscles (Modern) |
| Myotonia |
Condition in which muscles relax only slowly after contraction. (Modern) |
| Myotonia congenital |
Condition in which muscles relax only slowly after contraction. (Modern) |
| Myxoedema |
A jelly-like form of dropsy, with dry skin, lethargy and extreme susceptibility to cold (19thC) |
| Observation |
In hospital to be observed |
| Occiput |
Occiput: back of the skull (19thc) |
| Oedema |
Swelling of a body tissues, caused by accumulation of fluid (Modern) |
| Oedema neonatorum |
Swelling of a body tissues in the new born (Modern) |
| Oesophagismus |
Condition affecting the tube which connects the stomach to the mouth (Modern) |
| Oesophagus |
The canal which runs from the throat to the stomach (19thc) |
| Oesophagus congenital |
Tube which carries food from mouth to stomach. |
| Ophthalmia |
Inflammation of the eye (19thC) |
| Ophthalmia neonatorum |
Inflammation of the eye in the newborn (19thC) |
| Ophthalmitis |
Inflammation of the eye (19thC) |
| Orbit |
Cavity which holds the eye (19thc) |
| Orchitis |
Inflammation of the testes (male organs of generation) (19thC) |
| Os calcis |
Heel bone (19thc) |
| Osteitis |
Inflammation of the bone (Modern) |
| Osteoarthritis |
Inflammation of the bones and joints (19thC) |
| Osteomalacia |
Softening of the bones (19thC) |
| Osteomyelitis |
Inflammation of the soft tissue of the bone (19thC) |
| Osteotomy |
Operation on a bone, generally breaking and resetting as in bow legs. (19thC) |
| Otitis |
Inflammation of the inner ear (19thC) |
| Otitis interna |
Inflammation of the internal ear (19thC) |
| Otitis media |
Inflammation of the middle ear (19thC) |
| Otitis media suppurating |
Inflammation of the middle ear , with production of pus (19thC) |
| Otorrhoea |
A purulent discharge from the ear. (19thC) |
| Pachymeningitis |
A form of meningitis (Modern) |
| Palate |
Roof of mouth (19thc) |
| Palsy |
Popular name for paralysis (19thC) |
| Panophthalmitis |
Inflammation of all tissues of the eyeball (19thC) |
| Panophthlamia |
Inflammation of all tissues of the eyeball (19thC) |
| Papilloma |
Small surface tumours |
| Paracentesis |
Operation performed on chest or abdomen to discharge fluid accumulated in dropsy patients (19thC) |
| Paralysis |
A total or partial loss of sensation and power of movement., often only affecting a specific part of the body. |
| Paralysis Infantile |
Occurs in weakly children under 4 years; legs being usually affected. (19thc) A probable synonym for poliomyelitis. |
| Paralysis infantile |
Occurs in weakly children under 4 years; legs being usually affected. (19thc) A probable synonym for poliomyelitis. |
| Paralysis pseudohypertrophic |
A form of neuromuscular paralysis, predisposition to which appears to be inherited (19thc) The diagnosis seems to have passed out of modern use. |
| Paraplegia |
Paralysis of the lower half of the body (19thC) |
| Parasitic foetus |
Result of incomplete separation of twin embryos in the uterus. One embryo develops at the expense of the other, which ceases to grow and is vestigial to a mostly fully-formed, otherwise healthy individual twin at birth. (Modern) |
| Paresis |
A slight form of paralysis (19thC) |
| Parietal bone |
One of the bones of the skull |
| Parotid |
Salivary gland situated near the ear and implicated in mumps (19thc) |
| Parotitis |
Mumps (19thC) |
| Patellar |
Knee cap |
| Pemphigus |
Skin disease marked by eruptions of large blisters (19thC) |
| Pericarditis |
Inflammation of the out6er coat of the heart (19thC) |
| Pericardium |
Membrane surrounding heart (19thc) |
| Perineal/perineum |
The space between the anus and the genital organs (19thc) |
| Periosteal/Periosteum |
Membrane which covers bone (19thc) |
| Periosteitis |
Inflammation of the membrane covering a bone (19thC) |
| Peritoneal/Peritoneum |
Membrane which encloses intestines (19thc) |
| Peritonitis |
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane which holds the intestines in the abdomen. (19thC) |
| Perityphlitis |
Inflammation of the membrane around the caecum (part of the intestines) (19thC) |
| Phagadaena |
Ulcers or wounds which spread rapidly. (19thC) |
| Pharyngismus |
Spasm of muscles in the pharynx (connects the mouth to the oesophagus (19thC)) (Modern) |
| Pharyngitis |
Inflammation of the pharynx (connects the mouth to the oesophagus) (19thC) |
| Pharynx |
Connects the mouth to the oesophagus (19thc) |
| Phimosis |
Contraction of the orifice of the prepuce (foreskin of penis), usually treated by circumcision (19thC) |
| Phlebitis |
Inflammation of the veins caused by coagulation of the blood (19thC) |
| Phlegmon |
Rapid suppurating inflammation with formation of a hard mass, heating and pain (19thC) |
| Phlyctenular |
Small vesicles containing clear fluid, often associated with the eye (19thC) |
| Photophobia |
Dread of light (19thC) |
| Phthisis |
Specific name given to tubercular disease of the lungs. (19thC) |
| Phthisis in bulbi |
Shrunken non-functional eye resulting from disease or injury. (Modern) |
| Pityriasis |
A scaly skin disease (19thC) |
| Pleura |
Membranes lining chest cavity and the lungs (19thc) |
| Pleurisy |
Inflammation of the pleura - the membranes which surround the lungs and line the cavity of the chest. (19thC) |
| Pleuritis |
An alternative name for pleurisy: inflammation of the pleura - the membranes which surround the lungs and line the cavity of the chest. (19thC) |
| Pleurodynia |
Pain in the side (19thC) |
| Pleuropneumonia |
Pleurisy (inflammation of the membranes lining the lung) combined with pneumonia (19thC) |
| Pneumonia |
Inflammation of the lungs |
| Pneumothorax |
Air in the pleural cavity (19thC) |
| Polioencephalitis & sequela |
Inflammation of the grey matter of the brain (Modern) |
| Poliomyelitis & sequela |
Inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord (19thC), leading to paralysis. |
| Polycythaemia |
An excess of red blood cells (Modern) |
| Polydipsia |
Excessive thirst (Modern) |
| Polyp/Polypus |
A small simple tumour (19thc) |
| Polyuria |
Excessive flow of urine (19thC) |
| Pompholyx |
Type of eczema of hands and feet characterised by appearance of tiny blisters (Modern) |
| Porrigo capitus |
Skin condition of scalp marked by eruption of pustules. (19thC) |
| Postpharyngeal/Retrophayngeal |
Lower throat |
| Potts disease |
Spinal curvature (19thC) |
| Prematurity |
Born before full term (but after 7 months) (19thC) |
| Prepuce |
Foreskin of penis (19thc) |
| Prolapse |
Condition in which internal organs fall out of place (Modern) |
| Proptosis |
Protrusion of the eyeball (19thC) |
| Prurigo |
Skin disease marked by very irritable and lasting eruptions. (19thC) |
| Pruritis |
Local skin irritation, generally (19thC) |
| Pseudoarthrosis |
Inadequate healing of fracture, such that the bone moves inappropriately (Modern) |
| Psoas |
A muscle of the side of the abdomen (19thc) |
| Psoriasis |
A scaly skin disease of chronic character (19thC) |
| Ptosis |
Drooping of upper eyelid (19thC) |
| Pubis |
Pubic bone (19thc) |
| Pulmonary |
Referring to the lungs |
| Purpura |
A serious skin disease marked by purple patches, caused by escape of blood into the skin. (19thC) |
| Pyaemia |
Blood poisoning caused by absorption of pus and marked by presence of abscesses. (19thC) |
| Pyelitis |
Inflammation of the kidney (19thC) |
| Pyelonephritis |
Inflammation of the kidney (19thC) |
| Pyloric stenosis |
Constriction of the lower opening of the stomach into the intestines (19thC) |
| Pylorus |
The lower opening of the stomach into the duodenum (small intestine) (19thc) |
| Pyonephrosis |
Kidney infection causing pus in the urine (Modern) |
| Pyopneumothorax |
Presence of gas and pus in the cavity between the pleura (the membranes lining the lungs) (Modern) |
| Pyosalpinx |
Collection of pus in a fallopian tube (the tube the egg passes through from ovary to uterus) (Modern) |
| Pyrexia |
Fever, ill-defined (19thC) |
| Pyuria |
Pus in the urine (19thC) |
| Radius |
One of two bones in lower arm (19thc) |
| Ranula |
Cystic tumour under tongue (19thC) |
| Raynauds disease |
Gangrene of finger and toe. A neurosis (19thC) Vasospasm of arteries which reduces blood flow to fingers and toes. Cause unknown. (Modern) |
| Rectum |
Last portion of the large intestine (19thc) |
| Regurgitation |
Backward flow of fluid eg of blood through a defective valve or of the stomach contents eg vomiting (Modern) |
| Renal |
Relating to the kidney |
| Respiration |
The act of breathing (19thc) |
| Retained testes |
Failure of testes to descend into scrotal sac (Male organs of generation) (Modern) |
| Retinitis |
Inflammation of the retina (19thC) |
| Retroperitoneal |
Space within the abdominal cavity (Modern) |
| Rheumatic disease |
Acute form of rheumatism (19thC) An inflammatory disease following a Group A streptococcal infection that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain (Modern) |
| Rheumatic fever |
Acute form of rheumatism (19thC) An inflammatory disease following a Group A streptococcal infection that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain (Modern) |
| Rheumatism |
A diseased condition of the blood; if acute it is commonly called rheumatic fever, but it may be chronic or muscular. Always accompanied by great pain. (19thC) In modern times the term has vague meaning, in common usage referring to inflamed joints or joint pain. |
| Rheumatoid arthritis |
A chronic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks joints (Modern). |
| Rhinitis |
Inflammation of the nose (19thC) Inflammation of the membranes of the inner nose (Modern) |
| Rhinorrhoea |
Runny nose (Modern) |
| Rickets |
Also known as rachitis. A constitutional disease of childhood marked by curving of the spine or long bones and enlargement of the joints. (19thC) It is now known that rickets is most commonly associated with vitamin D or calcium deficiency. (Modern) |
| Ringworm |
Circular skin eruption, contagious, often of the scalp, also called Tinea (19thC) Fungal skin infection (Modern) |
| Rupture |
Hernia (19thC) |
| Sacral meningocele |
Protrusion of membranes lining the spine through a defect in lower vertebrae (Modern) |
| Sacroiliac |
Refers to a joint within the hip structure (Modern) |
| Sacrum |
Lowest division of the spine forming part of the pelvis (19thc) |
| Salpingitis |
Inflammation of the fallopian tube (the tube which carries the egg from the ovary to the womb) (19thC) |
| Sarcoma |
Fleshy tumour often malignant (19thC) |
| Scabies |
The itch, a contagious skin disease due to a parasitic insect (19thC) |
| Scarlet fever & sequela |
Also known as scarletina. An infectious fever accompanied by redness of the skin, most common in children, accompanied by desquamation (or peeling) of the skin. (19thC) |
| Schlatters disease |
Knee pain associated with rapid growth during adolescence, when damage occurs to the growth plate in the knee-end of the tibia (lower leg bone) (Modern) |
| Sciatic nerve |
The large nerve which arises in the lower back, passes through the hip and buttocks to the lower leg. (Modern) |
| Scleritis |
Inflammatory disease of the eye ball (Modern) |
| Scleroderma |
Chronic disease of the skin causing hardness (19thC) |
| Scleroma |
Hardening of the tissues generally, in infants rare but fatal (19thC) |
| Sclerosis |
Hardening of the tissues generally, in infants rare but fatal (19thC) |
| Scoliosis |
Curving of the spine (19thC) |
| Scrofula |
Constitutional debility with tendency to tuberculosis (19thC) |
| Scrotum |
Sac which holds testicles (19thc) |
| Scurvy |
Also known as scorbutus, a disease marked by dejection, anaemia and haemorrhage and caused by want of fresh meat and vegetables (19thC) |
| Scurvy rickets |
Combination of scurvy, condition associated with want of fresh meat and vegetables, and rickets, marked by curving of spine and long bones and painful joints.(19thC) |
| Sebaceous |
Realting to glands in the skin |
| Seborrhoea |
Excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands, located in the skin. |
| Sepsis |
Putrefaction (19thC) |
| Septic |
Which causes putrefaction or the rotting away of living matter. (19thc) |
| Septicaemia |
Blood poisoning caused by micro-organisms in the blood, which increase rapidly causing high fever. (19thC) |
| Sequela |
Other conditions arising as a result of the original infection (Modern) |
| Shingles |
Also called herpes. Acute inflammation of the skin (19thC) now known to be caused by the virus Varicella zoster(Modern) |
| Shock |
Sudden prostration due to painful impression. (19thC) |
| Sinus |
Passage leading from an abscess, or some inner part, to an external opening. (19thC) |
| Sloughing |
Throwing off of dead matter, such as skin, eg by ulcers (19thC) |
| Smallpox & sequela |
Also known as Variola, infectious fever marked by an eruption of red pimples. |
| Soft palate |
The soft part of the roof of the mouth (Modern) |
| Somnambulism |
Walking in the sleep (19thC) |
| Spengels shoulder |
Deformity of the shoulder blade (Modern) |
| Spermatocele |
Cyst of testes which contains spermatozoa (Modern) |
| Spina bifida |
A congenital malformation of the spine (19thC) |
| Spinal cord |
The marrow of the spine (19thc) The bundle of nerves which lead from the brain into the rest of the body, and are enclosed within the spinal column (modern) |
| Spleen |
An oval body to left of stomach, which forms and purifies the blood (19thc) |
| Splenomegaly |
Enlarged spleen, an oval body to left of stomach, which forms and purifies the blood (19thC) |
| Spondylitis |
Inflammation of the spine (19thC) |
| Sporotrichosis |
Fungal infection of the skin, which can also affect the lungs, joints and brain (Modern) |
| Sprengels deformity |
Deformity of the shoulder blade (Modern) |
| Staphyloma |
A protrusion on the back surface of the eye |
| Stasis intestine |
Decrease o absence of normal muscular contractions of the intestine (Modern) |
| Status lymphaticus |
Hyperplasia of lymphatic tissue thought to be responsible for sudden infant death. The disease is no longer recognised as a discrete entity and the term has passed out of use (Modern) |
| Steatorrhoea |
Presence of excess fat in the stools (Modern) |
| Stenosis |
Contraction or constriction (19thc) |
| Sternum |
The breast bone |
| Stills disease |
Form of arthritis marked by high fever and rash (Modern) |
| Stomatitis |
Inflammation of the mouth often with ulceration (19thC) |
| Stone |
Also known as calculus. Most often found in the bladder (Calculus vesica) (19thC) |
| Strabismus |
Squint (19thC) |
| Strangulated intestines |
A complication of hernia, where the blood supply to the intestines has been compromised (19thC) |
| Strangulated testes |
A complication of hernia, where the blood supply to the testes has been compromised (19thC) |
| Strepococcal |
Bacterial infection (a 'chain-form' of bacteria) (19thc) |
| Stricture |
Contraction (19thC) |
| Stridor |
Harsh, crackling sounds in breathing (19thC) |
| Struma/strumous |
A swelling associated with scrofula, a constitutional debility with a tendency to tuberculosis (19thc) |
| Strumous dactylitis |
Swollen digits (of hands or feet) associated with scrofula, a constitutional debility with a tendency to tuberculosis (19thC) |
| Strumous keratitis |
Inflammation of the cornea of the eye, associated with scrofula, a constitutional debility with a tendency to tuberculosis (19thC) |
| Strumous ophthalmia |
Swollen eye, associated with scrofula, a constitutional debility with a tendency to tuberculosis (19thC) |
| Strumpells paralysis |
A form of paralysis, similar to poliomyelitis (Modern) |
| Subdural |
Refers to one of the membranes surrounding the spinal cord |
| Supernumerary auricle |
Condition in which an additional outer ear appears to be present, either complete or in vestigial form, present at birth |
| Supernumerary digits |
Presence of more than the normal number of fingers of toes |
| Suppression urine |
Decreased flow of urine (Modern) |
| Suppurating |
Inflammation with production of pus |
| Symes amputation |
Amputation at the ankle joint (19thC) |
| Syndactyly |
Condition in which two or more digits are fused together, present at birth (Modern) |
| Synovitis |
Inflammation of one of the membranes lining a joint (19thC) |
| Syphilis & sequela |
Venereal disease, specific and contagious, in some cases can be transferred from mother to child during pregnancy. (19thC) |
| Syphilis & sequela congenital |
Venereal disease, specific and contagious, in some cases can be transferred from mother to child during pregnancy. (19thC) |
| Tabes |
Wasting disease, with several causes including tuberculosis (19thC) |
| Tabes mesenterica |
Tubercular disease of the intestines (19thC) |
| Tachycardia |
Rapid heart rate (Modern) |
| Taenia |
Tapeworm (19thC) |
| Talangiectasis congenital |
Small dilated blood vessels near surface of skin, most common on face (Modern) |
| Talipes |
Also known as club foot. A turning of the foot in the wrong direction. There are several different forms: the main ones being Talipes valgus: the foot turns outwards; varus, the foot turns inwards; equinus, the heel is lifted from the ground. (19thC) The condition can exist at birth or be acquired during life. |
| Tenosynovitis |
Inflammation of the sheath which surrounds a tendon (the tissue which connects muscle to bone) (Modern) |
| Testes/Testicles |
Male sex organs, also referred to as testicles |
| Tetanus & sequela |
Lock-jaw (19thC) Now known to be bacterial in original (Clostridium tetani). (Modern) |
| Tetany |
Involuntary contraction of muscles - it is not clear if the Victorian doctors differentiated between tetanus and tetany |
| Thorax |
The chest cavity holding the lungs and heart (19thc) |
| Thrombosis |
Coagulation of the blood to form a clot in a blood vessel which blocks it. (19thC) |
| Thrush |
Also known as aphthae. Small white ulcers in the mouth (19thC), now known to be caused by a yeast infection. |
| Thymus |
A gland at the front of the neck (19thc) Specialised organ of the immune system which produces immune cells, t-lymphocytes (Modern) |
| Thyroglossal duct |
Part of the embryonic thyroid gland which usually closes after birth, but when it does not it can lead to problems.(Modern) |
| Thyroid |
Gland in neck (19thc) producing hormones which influence metabolism among other activities (Modern) |
| Tibia |
One of two small bones in lower leg (19thc) |
| Tic |
Sudden repetitive involuntary motor movement or vocalisation (Modern) |
| Tinea |
Disease of skin due to vegetable parasite also called ringworm (19thC) Fungal skin infection (Modern) |
| Tonsillitis |
Inflammation of the tonsils, also known as quinsy. |
| Torticollis |
Wry-neck (19thC), condition in which head is tilted to one side and the chin raised and pointed towards the opposite side (Modern) |
| Toxaemia |
A poisoned state of the blood (19thC) |
| Trachea |
Windpipe |
| Tracheitis |
Inflammation of the windpipe (Modern) |
| Tracheotomy |
The operation to make an opening into the windpipe and insertion of a tube so the patient can breathe through the tube instead of the mouth (19thC) |
| Trachoma |
Infectious eye disease (Modern) |
| Trichinosis |
Disease caused by a spiral worm found in swine (19thC) |
| Tubercle/Tubercular |
Relating to a form of tuberculosis |
| Tuberculosis |
Tuberculosis is caused by a bacillus, to which there is an inherited tendency (19thC) and can affect single or multiple sites in the body. The inherited nature of the disease has been disproved. Tubercular infection was a great scourge of 19th century poor children. (Modern) |
| Tumour |
Enlargement due to a permanent growth (19thC) |
| Turbinals |
Nasal bones (19thc) |
| Tympanites |
Wind-dropsy, a distended abdomen caused by gas in the intestines (19thC) |
| Typhlitis |
Inflammation of the lining of part of the intestines (caecum) (19thc) |
| Typhoid fever & sequela |
A continued fever usually accompanied by intestinal disturbance and a rose-coloured eruption on the 7th day. Not to be confused with Typhus Fever (19thC) Now known to be caused by ingesting water or food carrying the bacteria Salmonella typhii. (Modern) |
| Typhus fever & sequela |
Highly infectious fever peculiar to dense , ill-ventilated habitations associated with poverty and bad-air.(19thC) Now known to be caused by infestation by Rickettsia parasite, spread by mites or fleas. Modern) |
